A 50-year-old male undergoes both a screening sigmoidoscopy and a colonoscopy in the same session. What code(s) are appropriate for this procedure?

The appropriate code for a patient who undergoes both a screening sigmoidoscopy and a colonoscopy in the same session is 45378. This code specifically represents a diagnostic colonoscopy, which includes performing the colonoscopy and any necessary biopsy or polypectomy during the same procedure.

In this scenario, both procedures are performed to evaluate the condition of the colon. While the sigmoidoscopy focuses on the rectum and the lower part of the colon, the colonoscopy allows for a more comprehensive assessment of the entire colon. The CPT code 45378 is essential in capturing the full extent of the evaluation that took place, especially since it encompasses the additional aspects that may be necessary during the colonoscopy.

Other options represent different procedures or scopes that may not fully capture the full scope of the combined procedures. For example, codes like 45330 and 45345 refer to lower gastrointestinal procedures that do not include the full diagnostic element conveyed by 45378. Thus, 45378 is the most appropriate choice for this situation as it reflects both the performance of the colonoscopy and any associated intervention, ensuring accurate coding for the comprehensive care provided.